Alternatively, it is written on the centre line of a staff using the alto clef, or on the fourth line from the bottom, or the second line from the top, of staves using the tenor clef. On the Grand Staff, Middle C is notated with a ledger line above the top line of the bass staff or below the bottom line of the treble staff. This technically inaccurate practice has led some pedagogues to encourage standardizing on C 4 as the definitive Middle C in instructional materials across all instruments. C 4 may be called Low C by someone playing a Western concert flute, which has a higher and narrower playing range than the piano, while C 5 (523.251 Hz) would be Middle C. While the expression Middle C is generally clear across instruments and clefs, some musicians naturally use the term to refer to the C note in the middle of their specific instrument's range. Middle C (the fourth C key from left on a standard 88-key piano keyboard) is designated C 4 in scientific pitch notation, and c′ in Helmholtz pitch notation it is note number 60 in MIDI notation. A movement to restore the older A435 standard has used the banners "Verdi tuning", "philosophical pitch" or the easily confused scientific pitch. After the A440 pitch standard was adopted by musicians, the Acoustical Society of America published new frequency tables for scientific use. Scientific pitch was originally proposed in 1713 by French physicist Joseph Sauveur and based on the numerically convenient frequency of 256 Hz for middle C, all C's being powers of two. For an instrument in equal temperament tuned to the A440 pitch standard widely adopted in 1939, middle C has a frequency around 261.63 Hz (for other notes see piano key frequencies). In English the term Do is used interchangeably with C only by adherents of fixed Do solfège in the movable Do system Do refers to the tonic of the prevailing key. It has enharmonic equivalents of B ♯ and D. The actual frequency has depended on historical pitch standards, and for transposing instruments a distinction is made between written and sounding or concert pitch. For the fruit-flavored drink, see Hi-C.Ĭ or Do is the first note and semitone of the C major scale, the third note of the A minor scale (the relative minor of C major), and the fourth note (G, A, B, C) of the Guidonian hand, commonly pitched around 261.63 Hz. Once you have mastered these progressions you should try the next exercise piece 11."High C" redirects here. A third, trickier progression is the movement between B natural and C sharp as well as the reverse, something one is likely to come across in baroque recorder music written in the keys of D, A and E. Once the the movement between D and C sharp has been mastered, you might try the progression A to C sharp, which requires the lifting of only the third finger of the left hand. You will remember, we made a similar point when considering the tuning of B natural when it was the major third to G. If the C sharp is the major third in a chord based on A, it will be essential to keep it flatter to sweeten the interval. Most professional players use the alternative fingering as a matter of course. There is a good argument for using the alternative fingering shown above, where an extra hole is closed with the third finger of the right hand, as the standard, using the standard only when the complexity of a series of finger movements makes it difficult to use the extra finger or the dynamic level of the C sharp is low. Low C sharp should be blown gently because on almost all makes of recorder this note tends to be a little sharp. Now lower the first and second fingers of the right hand. An alternative fingering, which is generally better in tune, adds one of the small holes 6a and is written 0 1 2 4 5 6a. Using the standard nomenclature, the fingering for first octave C sharp, or for the enharmonic equivalent D flat, is written 0 1 2 4 5. Below that we give the standard fingering for this note, theįingering you would use under normal circumstances. Click on the play button in the Sibelius score The enharmonic equivalent to C sharp is D flat in the equitempered scale - that is, both notes have the same fingering. It has a sharp sign before it, in the key signature at the beginning of the stave or on a C earlier in the same bar. The eleventh note we learn, C sharp on the bass recorder, lies on the second space from the bottom of the bass clef. Home :: resources :: music theory & history :: recorder lessons :: music dictionary :: physics of musical instruments :: e-monographsĬontents :: help page :: first things first :: fingering charts :: glossary of recorder terms :: Quick C :: Quick F :: comments or queries?Į :: D :: C :: A :: G :: F :: B b/A# :: B :: E b/D# :: F#/G b :: C#/D b :: G#/A b :: Second Octave :: Third Octave Dolmetsch Online - Recorder Method Online Bass C sharp / D flat
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